Självbefruktande

Självbefruktande refers to the process of self-pollination or self-fertilization in plants, where the male reproductive cells pollinate the female reproductive cells without the need for external transfer of pollen. This occurs naturally in some plant species, while others require hand pollination to facilitate reproduction.

In plants that exhibit självbefruktande, the anther and stigma are positioned in such a way that the pollen from the anther falls onto the stigma, allowing for pollination to occur. This can occur through various mechanisms, including the movement of pollen-kernel-pears, vibration, or other environmental factors.

Självbefruktande is a common phenomenon in many plant families, including grasses, sedges, and wheat. It allows for efficient and reliable reproduction, especially in plants that are isolated or have limited genetic diversity. However, självbefruktande can also contribute to inbreeding depression, where the genetic diversity of the offspring is reduced, leading to decreased vigor and fitness.

Some plant species are more prone to självbefruktande than others. For example, in lavender and rosemary, the anthers are positioned above the stigma, allowing for automatic self-pollination. In contrast, many crops such as apples and pears require intentional hand pollination to facilitate reproduction.

While självbefruktande may seem like a undesirable trait in some plant species, it is a natural adaptation that has evolved over time. Understanding the mechanisms of självbefruktande can help farmers and horticulturists to better manage plant reproduction and increase productivity.