Silmanpohja

Silmanpohja is a Finnish term that translates to "fundus of the eye" in English. It refers to the innermost lining of the posterior part of the eye, which includes the retina, the choroid, and the sclera. The fundus is the only part of the body where blood vessels can be viewed directly in vivo. Examination of the fundus is a crucial part of a comprehensive eye examination and can reveal important information about the health of the eye and the body.

Ophthalmologists and optometrists use specialized instruments, such as an ophthalmoscope or a slit lamp with a fundus lens, to visualize the fundus. During the examination, they look for a number of key features. The optic disc, where the optic nerve leaves the eye, is inspected for signs of swelling or damage, which can indicate conditions like glaucoma or optic neuritis. The blood vessels of the retina are assessed for any abnormalities, such as hemorrhages, microaneurysms, or signs of diabetic retinopathy or hypertensive retinopathy. The macula, responsible for sharp, central vision, is examined for any signs of age-related macular degeneration or other macular diseases. The overall color and clarity of the fundus are also noted.

Changes observed in the silmanpohja can be indicative of various systemic diseases, not just eye conditions. For example, diabetes and high blood pressure can cause characteristic changes in the retinal blood vessels. Neurological conditions can sometimes manifest with changes in the optic disc. Therefore, a thorough fundus examination plays a vital role in the early detection and management of a wide range of health issues.