Silikatwerkstoffen

Silikatwerkstoffen are inorganic, non-metallic solids composed chiefly of silicon and oxygen arranged in tetrahedral units (SiO4). The silicate structure can be isolated tetrahedra, chains, sheets, or three‑dimensional frameworks, giving rise to a diverse group of minerals such as quartz, feldspar, mica, and dolomite. In industrial terms the term "Silikatwerkstoffe" covers both naturally occurring silicate minerals that are processed into building materials and synthetic derivatives produced by chemical or mechanical methods.

The most widely used silicate products are fired bricks, glazed ceramics, refractory bricks, and prefabricated wall panels. Their utility derives from high thermal stability, low electrical conductivity, nonmagnetic nature, and resistance to chemical attack. Quartz and silica fibres, for example, provide insulation in high‑temperature furnaces and serve as a reinforcing phase in polymer composites. In civil engineering, alkali‑silica reaction is a crucial durability concern; reactive silica in aggregates can react with the pore water of concrete, leading to expansion and cracking.

The production chain typically involves mining, crushing, grinding, and sintering. In the case of synthetic silicates (e.g., in the manufacture of glass or ceramic wares), raw materials such as sand, soda ash and limestone are melted or heated under controlled atmospheres. Both natural and engineered silicates are known for low water absorption, high compressive strength and good fire‑resistance.

Recycling of silicate materials is increasingly common; waste glass from cathedrals is ground into road base or recycled glass bricks, while waste ceramic tiles can be processed into filler or aggregate. Environmental impacts are largely related to mining, energy consumption, and dust generation during processing. Regulatory standards and best practice guidelines aim to minimize these effects while promoting the efficient use of silicate resources in construction, industry and emerging nanotechnologies.