Signlanguage

Sign language is a natural language that uses a visual-manual modality to convey meaning. It relies on hand shapes, movements, facial expressions, and body posture. Each sign language has its own grammar, lexicon, and conventions, and it is not simply a collection of gestures or pantomime. Deaf communities worldwide use distinct sign languages.

There are many sign languages; they are not mutually intelligible. Notable examples include American Sign Language (ASL), British Sign Language (BSL), Auslan (Australian Sign Language), Japanese Sign Language, and French Sign Language (LSF). Each language has unique syntax and vocabulary, though some share historical roots.

History: Sign languages have ancient roots in many communities. Large-scale development followed the creation of schools for the Deaf in the 18th–19th centuries. ASL, for example, arose from French Sign Language and home signs. Recognition and research as legitimate languages grew in the late 20th century.

Use and recognition: In many countries, sign languages are officially recognized as the language of Deaf communities. Access services include interpreters, captioning, and video relay. Education increasingly uses bilingual approaches that combine sign language with the local spoken or written language.

Writing and learning: Some writing systems exist for sign languages, such as SignWriting and HamNoSys, but most are learned naturally through immersion. Sign language is accessible to both Deaf and hearing people who study it for communication, cultural engagement, and inclusion.