Sickness

Sickness is a general term for the state of being unwell. In everyday language it is often used alongside illness, disease, and disorder, though the terms carry different nuances. Illness describes the subjective experience of symptoms and limitations, while disease denotes a recognized pathological condition. Sickness can reflect the social and personal aspects of not feeling well.

Causes are diverse. Common factors include infections by bacteria, viruses, and parasites; injuries; chronic diseases such as diabetes or heart disease; environmental hazards; nutritional deficiencies; and mental health conditions.

Symptoms vary with the cause but frequently include fever, pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, coughing, diarrhea, dizziness, and altered mood or cognition. Diagnosis typically relies on medical history and examination, with tests such as blood work, imaging, or cultures to identify the underlying condition.

Treatment depends on cause and may range from self-care and rest to medications, procedures, or hospitalization. Acute illnesses often improve with time and supportive care, while chronic illnesses require ongoing management and lifestyle adjustments. Prevention emphasizes reducing risk. Key measures include vaccination, good hygiene, safe food and water, safe sexual practices, avoiding tobacco and excess alcohol, regular physical activity, and a balanced diet. Public health systems monitor sickness trends to guide prevention and response efforts. Recovery and prognosis vary by condition and access to care; clear explanations with appropriate treatment typically support better outcomes.