Shikimi

Shikimi refers to Illicium anisatum, commonly known as Japanese star anise, an evergreen tree native to East Asia. It is closely related to Illicium verum (Chinese star anise) but is distinguished by its toxicity. The plant is a small evergreen shrub or tree with glossy leaves and forms star-shaped seed capsules that contain seeds with a strong aroma similar to licorice.

Distribution and habitat: Illicium anisatum is native to parts of East Asia, including Japan, Korea, and China. It typically grows as an understory plant in forests and on hillsides, and can be cultivated in appropriate climates, though its use is restricted because of safety concerns.

Uses and safety: Historically, dried seeds of shikimi were used as a spice in some East Asian cuisines. However, due to the presence of anisatin, a potent toxin, the plant is not used culinarly in modern practice. It is commonly distinguished from Illicium verum, whose fruit is widely used as a safe culinary spice. Misidentification or adulteration of Illicium anisatum with Illicium verum has caused poisoning incidents in the past.

Toxicity and regulation: Anisatin can cause vomiting, abdominal cramps, seizures, and potentially severe neurological effects. Because of these risks, Illicium anisatum is subject to caution and regulation in many countries, with preference given to the non-toxic Illicium verum for culinary uses.