Illicium

Illicium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Schisandraceae, comprising about 40 species of evergreen shrubs or small trees native to Asia, with some species extending into North America. The plants are aromatic, bearing glossy leaves and small flowers; most notable are the star-shaped fruit that forms from a cluster of several united follicles, giving the genus its common name star anise. The fruit capsule typically splits into eight or more pointed sections.

The best-known species is Illicium verum, or true star anise, native to southern China and northern Vietnam. The dried fruit is used as a spice, providing a licorice-like flavor in many cuisines and in commercial flavorings and liqueurs. The essential oil from I. verum contains trans-anethole, contributing to its aroma.

Other species are cultivated as ornamentals or are native to North America, especially in the southeastern United States, such as Illicium floridanum (Florida anise tree). Some Illicium species contain toxins; Illicium anisatum (Japanese star anise) is highly toxic and should not be used as a spice. Due to mislabeling or confusion with I. verum, poisoning incidents have occurred, particularly in infants who consumed small amounts of raw fruit or seed.

Cultivation: Illicium species prefer warm, humid climates, well-drained soil, and partial shade. Propagation is by seed or cuttings; many species are slow-growing but long-lived, and some are grown as ornamental evergreens.