Shikibuton

Shikibuton, or 敷布団, is the mattress component of a traditional Japanese futon bedding system. It is laid directly on the tatami floor or on a low bed frame and forms the sleeping surface. In a typical futon arrangement, the shikibuton is used together with a kakebuton (duvet or comforter) and a makura (pillow).

Construction: Shikibuton is traditionally filled with cotton batting and enclosed in a cloth cover. Modern versions may use synthetic fibers, foam, or mixed fillings, and offerings range in firmness and thickness. The mattress is usually relatively thin compared with Western bed mattresses, making it easier to fold and store.

Use and maintenance: Futon bedding is commonly aired and dried in direct sun to prevent moisture; the shikibuton can be rolled or folded for daily storage in a closet or cupboard. When sleeping, it is placed on the floor or on a low bed platform, with sheets or a futon cover over the mattress. Outer covers are washable; the inner filling is not typically washed frequently.

Variations and cultural context: The use of shikibuton is associated with traditional Japanese rooms with tatami flooring; futon sets are portable and space-saving. In modern homes, shikibuton products exist for use on Western-style beds or in guest rooms, and some people replace cotton with synthetic fills for easier care or allergy concerns.