Sepsise

Sepsise is not a standard or widely recognized medical term. In most medical literature, the correct and widely used term is sepsis, defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Septic shock is a more severe subset in which low blood pressure and perfusion abnormalities persist despite fluid resuscitation.

Causes and pathophysiology: Sepsis can result from bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections. The body's response to infection becomes dysregulated, triggering widespread inflammation, coagulation abnormalities, impaired blood flow, and organ dysfunction. Risk factors include advanced age, chronic diseases, immunosuppression, invasive devices, and severe injuries or surgery.

Clinical features and diagnosis: Presentations are variable and may include fever or hypothermia, rapid heart and respiratory rates, confusion, abdominal pain, and reduced urine output. Laboratory findings often show elevated or depressed white blood cell counts, elevated lactate, and markers of organ injury. Blood cultures and cultures from suspected infection sources are used to identify pathogens. Early lactate measurement, organ function assessment, and scoring systems (such as SOFA or qSOFA) assist in evaluating severity.

Management: Prompt recognition and treatment are essential. Initial management typically includes securing the airway and breathing, rapid administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics within the first hour of recognition, and fluid resuscitation with crystalloids. Vasopressors may be required to maintain blood pressure if fluids do not restore perfusion. Source control (drainage of abscesses, removal of infected devices) and supportive care for organ dysfunction are critical components.

Prognosis and prevention: Mortality from sepsis varies with age, comorbidities, and timeliness of treatment. Early antibiotics, proper fluid management, and infection prevention strategies reduce risk. Public health measures and vaccination can help reduce the incidence of sepsis from preventable infections.