Sejttestek

Sejttestek is a term used primarily in Hungarian-language biology to refer to the cell body, or soma, of a cell. In English-language texts the equivalent concepts are usually described as the soma or perikaryon. The sejttest encompasses the region inside the plasma membrane that contains the cytoplasm and the nucleus, along with most organelles involved in metabolism and protein synthesis.

In general, the sejttest is the main site of cellular activity. It houses the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, and the cytoskeleton. The nucleus governs genetic activity, while the surrounding cytoplasm carries out essential processes such as translation, energy production, and the synthesis of macromolecules. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes within the sejttest contribute to protein production that supports cell function and maintenance.

In neurons and some other specialized cells, the term soma or perikaryon is commonly used to describe the sejttest portion that contains most organelles. Dendrites and axons extend from the sejttest in neurons, carrying impulses to and from the cell body. The size and shape of sejttest vary widely among cell types, reflecting diverse functional demands. In prokaryotic cells there is no true sejttest, while in plant and eukaryotic cells the sejttest is bounded by the plasma membrane and integrated with surrounding cytoskeletal and organellar networks.

See also: soma, perikaryon, cytoplasm, cellular organelles.