Scallop

Scallop refers to any of several species of marine bivalve mollusks in the family Pectinidae. They are characterized by fan-shaped shells with radiating ribs and a well-developed adductor muscle. The two shells hinge on the animal’s dorsal side and can be opened and closed rapidly, enabling the animal to swim by clapping its valves. The interior surface is often iridescent due to a nacreous layer, commonly called mother of pearl. The animal has a mantle with sensory tentacles, and in many species a line of eyes along the mantle margin.

Scallops are found in oceans worldwide, from shallow coastal waters to deeper offshore habitats, typically on sandy or muddy substrates. They are capable of limited free-swimming and use jet propulsion generated by rapid shell movements. They are filter feeders, consuming microalgae, detritus, and other small particles suspended in the water.

Biology and life cycle: Scallops reproduce sexually, releasing eggs and sperm into the water column. Larval development passes through trochophore and veliger stages before settling as juveniles. Many species have a relatively short lifespan and reach reproductive maturity within a few years. Some species exhibit sexual dimorphism or sequential hermaphroditism.

Uses and human interaction: Scallops are a valued seafood, with the edible portion typically being the large white adductor muscle. Commercially important species include the Atlantic sea scallop and various bay scallops. They are harvested from the wild and also produced via aquaculture, including rope and culture-bed methods. The shells and nacre have decorative and craft uses, and certain fisheries employ management practices to sustain stocks.

Conservation and management: Scallop fisheries are regulated to prevent overfishing and habitat disturbance, with stock assessments and seasonal or area closures in many regions.