Sarvkõlarid

Sarvkõlarid, also known as horn speakers, are a type of loudspeaker characterized by the use of a horn, which is a cone-shaped or similarly shaped acoustic device that serves to increase the efficiency of the driver. The driver is the part of the speaker that produces the sound waves, typically a compression driver or a direct-radiating transducer. The horn acts as an impedance transformer, matching the acoustic impedance of the driver to the acoustic impedance of the air. This matching allows for more efficient transfer of sound energy from the driver to the air, resulting in higher sound pressure levels (SPL) for a given amount of power.

The principle behind horn loading is rooted in wave propagation. A smaller radiating surface (like the diaphragm of a driver) coupled to a larger area (the mouth of the horn) through a gradually expanding horn can transfer energy more effectively. This expansion typically follows a specific mathematical curve, such as exponential or conical, to maintain efficient coupling across a desired frequency range.

Historically, horn speakers were among the earliest types of loudspeakers, popularized by companies liker andr. They are known for their high sensitivity, meaning they can produce loud sounds with relatively little power. This characteristic made them suitable for early audio reproduction systems where amplifier power was limited. Modern horn speaker designs often employ advanced materials and acoustic modeling to achieve wider frequency response and improved dispersion. While they can be very efficient, their size, directivity, and potential for coloration (unwanted tonal changes) have led to their use in specific applications, such as public address systems, sound reinforcement, and by audiophiles seeking their characteristic sound.