Sarawaks

Sarawaks is not a widely used geographic term, but it is commonly understood as referring to Sarawak, a state of Malaysia located on the island of Borneo. The standard demonym for residents is Sarawakian or Sarawakians.

Sarawak covers about 124,000 square kilometers and borders Brunei in the north, Indonesian Kalimantan to the south and west, and the South China Sea to the north and east. The capital city is Kuching. The state is known for dense tropical rainforests, broad river systems such as the Rajang River, and protected areas including Gunung Mulu National Park and Bako National Park. Gunung Mulu is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Historically, Sarawak was ruled as the Brooke-led dynasty of the White Rajahs from 1841 until 1946, when it became a British Crown Colony. It joined Malaysia on September 16, 1963, along with Sabah and the federation that would become Malaysia.

Demographically, Sarawak is multi-ethnic, with major communities including Iban, Malay, Chinese, Bidayuh, Melanau, and other Indigenous groups collectively known as Orang Ulu. Malay and English are official and widely used languages; there are numerous indigenous languages and widespread use of English in business and education. Common religions include Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and traditional beliefs.

Economically, Sarawak has moved from historic timber dependence toward resources such as oil and gas, palm oil, and manufacturing, while ecotourism and sustainable forestry play growing roles.

Culturally, the state features longhouses and diverse customs, with major festivals such as Gawai Dayak celebrated by many Indigenous groups, as well as Chinese and Malay cultural events. The architectural and natural heritage supports a growing tourism sector.

Administratively, Sarawak is a state within Malaysia with its own constitution and a state legislative assembly. It has a ceremonial governor (Yang di-Pertua Negeri) and a chief minister who heads the executive.