Melanau

The Melanau are an ethnic group indigenous to Sarawak, Malaysia, primarily residing along the coast and river valleys of the Melanau Division, which includes the districts of Mukah, Dalat, Matu, and Daro. Historically, the Melanau were known for their seafaring abilities and their traditional occupations included fishing, sago cultivation, and trade. They are also recognized for their unique cultural practices and traditions, some of which have evolved over time.

Traditionally, Melanau society was structured around villages, often situated near rivers. Their spiritual beliefs were complex, with a pantheon of deities and ancestral spirits playing significant roles in their cosmology. This traditional animism has largely been replaced by Islam and Christianity, with many Melanau today adhering to one of these major religions. The Melanau language, part of the Austronesian language family, is still spoken, although it faces pressure from more widely used languages like Malay and Iban.

Key cultural elements of the Melanau include their intricate wood carvings, elaborate ceremonial rituals, and traditional crafts. Historically, the Melanau were also known for their practice of headhunting, though this ceased long before modern times. Modern Melanau society is diverse, with individuals participating in various professions and contributing to the broader Malaysian society. Their cultural heritage continues to be a source of pride and identity.