Sachaufsatz

Sachaufsatz is a form of expository essay used in German-language schooling. It requires presenting information about a topic in a neutral, factual manner, with attention to accuracy and clarity. The aim is to convey understanding of a subject rather than to argue a point.

Structure and features: A typical Sachaufsatz begins with an introduction that states the topic and, if required, a guiding question or scope. The main section is organized into logically ordered paragraphs or subsections that present definitions, descriptions, processes, causes and effects, or comparisons. Each part has a clear topic sentence and includes evidence or examples. The text ends with a concise conclusion that summarizes the key findings and, if appropriate, notes implications or unresolved questions.

Language and method: The style is neutral and impersonal, often in the present tense. Facts, data, and quotations from sources are used as evidence. Opinions are minimized or avoided unless the assignment explicitly asks for a stance. When required, references or a bibliography are included; in exams, citations may be simplified.

Relation to other essay types: Unlike an Erörterung, which argues a position, a Sachaufsatz emphasizes description and explanation. Unlike a narrative, it does not focus on events or characters but on information about a subject. It is commonly used in school exams and coursework across German-speaking education to assess research, organization, and the ability to synthesize facts.

Topics vary from natural and social sciences to history and geography, and may include processes (how something works), definitions (what something is), or historical overviews.