SA3

SA-3, NATO designation Goa, refers to the Soviet-era air defense system built around the S-125 Neva/Pechora. Introduced in the 1960s, it was designed to provide short- to medium-range defense against aircraft and cruise missiles, complementing longer-range systems such as the SA-2 and SA-6. The system was exported widely and was integrated into the air defense networks of many allied states. A typical battery included a command post, several radar sets for target detection and fire control, and multiple launcher vehicles with missiles in canisters. Missiles were guided by ground-based radar and command guidance during midcourse and terminal phases, enabling interception of high-speed targets at relatively low to medium altitude. Modernized versions within the S-125 family improved electronics, radars, and mobility, extending service life and reliability.

The SA-3 Goa has seen deployment in various conflicts and has remained in limited service with some operators, often alongside newer air-defense systems. Over time, many operators retired or upgraded the system, but the SA-3 Goa is noted for its role in establishing Soviet and Russian approaches to mid-range air defense and for influencing the development of subsequent generations of surface-to-air missiles. See also S-125 Neva/Pechora.