Sünnimärgid

Sünnimärgid, also known as birthmarks, are common skin discolorations or marks present at birth or that appear shortly after. They can vary widely in appearance, size, shape, and color. The exact causes of most birthmarks are not fully understood, but they are generally believed to arise from either the overgrowth of blood vessels or pigment cells in the skin.

Birthmarks are broadly categorized into two main types: pigmented birthmarks and vascular birthmarks. Pigmented birthmarks are caused by clusters of pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) and include conditions like café-au-lait spots, Mongolian spots, and moles. Café-au-lait spots are typically light to medium brown, while Mongolian spots are bluish-gray and are more common in individuals with darker skin. Moles, or nevi, can range in color from tan to dark brown and may be flat or raised.

Vascular birthmarks, on the other hand, result from an abnormal formation of blood vessels. The most common type is the hemangioma, which often appears as a bright red or purplish lump. Salmon patches, also known as stork bites or angel kisses, are faint pink or red marks that commonly appear on the face or neck and tend to fade over time. Port-wine stains are another type of vascular birthmark, characterized by flat, reddish-purple patches that do not disappear on their own.

Most birthmarks are harmless and do not require medical treatment. However, certain birthmarks may be associated with underlying medical conditions and, in some cases, can affect appearance or cause discomfort. If a birthmark changes significantly in size, shape, or color, or if it bleeds or becomes painful, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation. Medical intervention, such as laser therapy or surgical removal, is typically considered only for cosmetic reasons or if the birthmark causes health complications.