Rückenstreck

Rückenstreck, or back extension, describes the movement of extending the spine to increase the angle between the thorax and the pelvis. In anatomy, it is produced primarily by the back extensor muscles, especially the erector spinae group (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis) along the posterior torso, supported by deeper muscles such as the multifidus and semispinalis, and by surrounding hip and gluteal muscles during dynamic movements.

The primary function is to straighten and stabilize the spine, recover from forward bending, and maintain an upright posture. The antagonist movement is spinal flexion, produced by the abdominal muscles and other flexors.

In exercise and rehabilitation, Rückenstrecken are trained to strengthen the posterior chain, improve posture, and reduce injury risk. Common exercises include back extensions on a Roman chair or stability ball, prone back extensions, and compound movements such as deadlifts that involve spinal extension. Proper technique emphasizes controlled movement, a neutral neck position, and gradual progression to avoid overloading the lumbar spine. Excessive hyperextension can stress the facet joints or cause strains; individuals with acute back pain or spinal pathology should consult professionals before performing new extension exercises.

In clinical contexts, weakness or imbalance of the back extensors is associated with chronic low back pain and postural problems. Targeted strengthening, flexibility, and neuromuscular stabilization are common components of rehabilitation programs.

See also: erector spinae, back extension, hyperextension, posterior chain.