Rytmstörningar

Rytmstörningar, also known as arrhythmias, are irregularities in the heart's electrical activity that cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm. This can affect the heart's ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body.

There are many types of arrhythmias, broadly categorized as bradycardia (slow heart rate) and tachycardia (fast heart rate). Some common examples include atrial fibrillation, where the upper chambers of the heart beat irregularly, and ventricular tachycardia, a rapid heartbeat originating in the lower chambers. Heart block is another type, where electrical signals are delayed or blocked as they travel through the heart.

The causes of arrhythmias are diverse and can include underlying heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, or previous heart attacks. Other contributing factors can be high blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, thyroid problems, certain medications, excessive alcohol or caffeine consumption, and stress. In some cases, the cause may be unknown.

Symptoms can vary greatly depending on the type and severity of the arrhythmia. Some individuals experience no symptoms at all, while others may report palpitations, a fluttering sensation in the chest, dizziness, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, chest pain, or fainting.

Diagnosis typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG) to record the heart's electrical activity. Other diagnostic tools may include Holter monitors for continuous recording over 24-48 hours, event monitors for longer-term monitoring, and electrophysiology studies. Treatment depends on the specific type of arrhythmia, its severity, and the presence of any underlying conditions. Options range from lifestyle modifications and medications to procedures like cardioversion or catheter ablation, and in some cases, the implantation of a pacemaker or defibrillator.