Rusia

Rusia, known in English as Russia, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and northern Asia. By area it is the largest country in the world, covering about 17.1 million square kilometers and stretching across eleven time zones. Its terrain ranges from Arctic tundra to forests, steppe, and mountains, with major cities on the European side, notably Moscow and Saint Petersburg.

The government operates as a federal semi-presidential republic; the President is the head of state, the Prime Minister the head of government, and the Federal Assembly is divided into the State Duma and the Federation Council. Russia is divided into 85 federal subjects, including republics, oblasts, and territories.

Historically, Rusia emerged from medieval East Slavic states, became the Tsardom, the Russian Empire, and the Soviet Union before its 1991 dissolution.

Since 2000 it has been led by presidents who have shaped domestic and foreign policy, with the 2010s–2020s marked by tensions with the West and actions such as Crimea's annexation in 2014 and the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. The population is around 144 million, with Russian as the official language and Moscow as the capital; ethnic Russians form a plurality with many minority groups. The economy is large and resource-intensive, with oil and natural gas a major export sector, alongside manufacturing, agriculture, and services.

Culturally, Russia has contributed to literature, music, ballet, and space exploration, including the launch of Yuri Gagarin as the first human in space. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and participates in organizations such as the G20, BRICS, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.