Rhabdolestes

Rhabdolestes is a genus of freshwater fish belonging to the family Gasteropelecidae, commonly known as hatchetfishes. These small, Neotropical fish are found in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins and adjacent areas of South America. Rhabdolestes are characterized by their deep, laterally compressed bodies, reminiscent of a hatchet, which is a defining feature of their family.

Species within the Rhabdolestes genus are typically small, with most adult individuals measuring only a few centimeters in length. They possess a distinctive upturned mouth and large eyes. A notable characteristic of Rhabdolestes, and hatchetfishes in general, is their ability to "fly" or leap out of the water for extended distances, a behavior facilitated by their enlarged pectoral fins. This adaptation is believed to be primarily for escaping predators.

These fish are often found in slow-moving or stagnant waters, frequently inhabiting the surface layers of rivers, streams, and flooded forest areas. Their diet consists mainly of small invertebrates and insects found at the water's surface. Rhabdolestes are oviparous, meaning they lay eggs. In aquariums, they are known for their schooling behavior and are often kept by aquarists due to their unique appearance and aerial abilities. Several species are recognized within the Rhabdolestes genus, each with specific geographic distributions and minor morphological variations.