Rekognisi

Rekognisi is a cognitive process by which a person identifies a stimulus as familiar or previously encountered. In psychology, it is a form of memory retrieval where recognition occurs when a new stimulus is judged to be one that has been experienced before, without necessarily recalling specific details of the initial encounter. This contrasts with recall, where the individual must reproduce information without explicit cues.

Recognition is often described as consisting of two components: familiarity and recollection. Familiarity is a fast, automatic sense that something has been seen before, while recollection involves retrieving contextual details such as when or where the encounter occurred.

The process can be studied using signal detection theory, where responses are analyzed as hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejections. A high hit rate with low false alarms indicates good discriminability, often summarized by sensitivity measures like d'.

In everyday use, rekognisi appears in tests such as multiple-choice exams, facial recognition, or recognizing a word after reading it again. It is also central to eyewitness memory, which can be susceptible to false recognitions or misattribution of familiarity to incorrect contexts.

Outside psychology, rekognisi can refer to recognition systems in technology, such as biometric verification or image recognition, where an algorithm determines whether a presented sample matches stored representations.

Researchers study rekognisi to understand memory architecture, improve educational methods, and address issues of reliability in eyewitness testimony. Its limits include susceptibility to illusion of prior encounter, suggestion, and context effects.