Reibbelägen

Reibbelägen, or friction linings, are the consumable materials in braking and clutch systems that are pressed against a moving counterface to convert kinetic energy into heat through friction. They are used in a range of devices, including automobile brake pads and shoes, railway braking systems, and industrial brakes and clutches. Historically, many friction linings contained asbestos, but modern formulations are asbestos-free due to health and environmental concerns.

Friction linings are formulated from several families of materials. Organic linings use resin binders with fibers such as cellulose or aramid. Semi-metallic linings contain metal particles and fillers to improve wear resistance and thermal conductivity. Ceramic linings use ceramic compounds for high-temperature stability and low wear. Carbon-based and blended formulations are used for high performance in demanding applications. The choice depends on the required friction coefficient, operating temperature range, wear rate, rotor or drum compatibility, noise, and dust generation.

Performance considerations include stable friction across temperature cycles, resistance to braking fade under heavy loads, and balanced wear of rotor or drum surfaces. Safety and reliability are ensured through standardized testing and certification by manufacturers and regulators, including compatibility with mating surfaces and environmental regulations. In railway and heavy-duty applications, friction materials face high loads and stringent reliability requirements.

Lifecycle and maintenance involve inspection for glazing, contamination, and measurement of remaining lining thickness; replacement occurs when wear reaches minimum acceptable limits. Disposal and recycling follow local regulations, with attention to materials that historically contained hazardous substances. Reibbelägen thus represent a critical interface in braking and clutch systems, balancing stopping power, durability, noise, and environmental impact.