Realkompetencevurdering

Realkompetence is a term used in education policy to describe the recognition and assessment of knowledge and skills gained outside formal schooling. The concept rests on the idea that learning occurs through work experience, informal study, training programs, volunteering, and other activities, and that this learning can be evaluated and credited similarly to formal qualifications. In many countries it is part of recognition of prior learning (RPL) or prior learning assessment and recognition (PLAR) systems and is aligned with lifelong learning policies and the European Qualifications Framework (EQF).

Purpose and use

Realkompetence provides an alternative route to education through recognition of non-formal and informal learning. It can enable admission to higher education, fulfillment of program prerequisites, or exemption from certain courses or requirements. It is commonly used by universities, vocational schools, and adult education programs to broaden access and acknowledge diverse learning pathways.

Process and methods

Applicants typically document and present evidence of learning outcomes acquired outside formal settings. This may include a portfolio, employment records, certificates, letters from employers, course descriptions, or samples of work. An official body—such as an admissions office, a dedicated RPL committee, or a professional-licensing authority—reviews the materials and may conduct interviews, simulations, or additional assessments. Based on the evaluation, the applicant may receive course credits, exemptions, or direct admission to a program.

Impact and considerations

Realkompetence supports access and progression for non-traditional learners and promotes flexible education systems. Outcomes can vary by country and institution, and the process requires clear standards, reliable documentation, and quality assurance to ensure fairness and comparability.