Realiosios

Realiosios is a hypothetical class of ultra-light, neutral bosons proposed within certain extensions of the Standard Model that include a hidden or dark sector. In these theories, realiosios are gauge-singlet states that interact with ordinary matter only through extremely weak portal couplings or via gravity. They may originate from symmetry breaking in a hidden sector or from early-universe dynamics and are sometimes assumed to form a pervasive background field.

The properties of realiosios vary by model, but common elements include masses well below the electronvolt scale, very small couplings to standard model particles, and stability maintained by a conserved quantum number. Depending on the scenario, they can behave as cold dark matter, as dark radiation, or as a mixture. Some models describe a scalar realiosios that can condensate on cosmological scales, potentially influencing structure formation or cosmic evolution.

Observational status for realiosios remains speculative, with no experimental confirmation to date. Cosmological and astrophysical data—such as measurements of the cosmic microwave background, large-scale structure, and precision tests of gravity—place bounds on their properties, particularly their mass and coupling strength. Laboratory searches for ultralight scalar fields or portals to hidden sectors also constrain viable parameter space, guiding theoretical development and experimental planning.

See also: dark matter, dark radiation, hidden sector, ultralight scalar, axion-like particle.