Rautamyrkytys

Rautamyrkytys, also known as iron poisoning, is a condition that occurs when the body accumulates too much iron. While iron is an essential nutrient for various bodily functions, including oxygen transport, excessive amounts can be toxic. The most common cause of severe iron poisoning is the accidental or intentional ingestion of iron-containing supplements, particularly in children. Certain genetic conditions, such as hereditary hemochromatosis, can also lead to iron overload over time, though this is a more chronic process.

The symptoms of iron poisoning can vary depending on the amount of iron ingested and the time elapsed since ingestion. In the early stages, symptoms may include gastrointestinal distress such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. As iron levels rise, more severe effects can manifest, affecting the liver, heart, and central nervous system. These can include lethargy, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, and in severe cases, coma or organ failure.

Diagnosis is typically made based on the patient's history of iron ingestion, clinical symptoms, and serum iron levels. Treatment aims to reduce the amount of iron in the body and manage symptoms. For acute ingestions, medical intervention often involves inducing vomiting or using activated charcoal to prevent further absorption of iron. The primary treatment for significant iron poisoning is deferoxamine, an iron-chelating agent administered intravenously, which binds to iron and facilitates its excretion from the body. Chronic iron overload due to conditions like hemochromatosis is managed with therapeutic phlebotomy, the process of removing blood, to reduce iron stores over time. Prompt medical attention is crucial in cases of suspected iron poisoning to prevent potentially life-threatening complications.