RIAAkurve

RIAAkurve, commonly written as the RIAA curve in English, is the standardized equalization curve used in vinyl record mastering and playback. It encodes a pre-emphasis applied during cutting and a complementary de-emphasis during playback, with the aim of minimizing groove width, improving signal-to-noise ratio, and preserving stereo separation.

The curve was developed by the Recording Industry Association of America in the 1950s and became the de facto international standard for LPs and 45 rpm records. It is defined by a specific set of frequency-dependent boosts and cuts that are implemented via an RIAA phono stage or cartridge preamp. When playback is performed with the inverse curve, the recorded signal is restored to flat frequency response.

Commonly cited characteristics include three break frequencies around 50 Hz, 500 Hz, and 2120 Hz, which yield a three-segment equalization with gradual slopes. On modern equipment, the RIAA curve is typically built into phono preamplifiers, turntables with built-in preamps, and some digital processing tools used in vinyl restoration.

Variants and related standards, such as Columbia, CBS, and Decca curves, exist but the RIAA curve remains the most widely used. In practice, understanding and applying the curve is essential for mastering engineers, audio restorers, and enthusiasts working with vinyl playback.