Põlemissegu

Põlemissegu, also known as fire blight, is a bacterial disease that primarily affects pome fruits, including apples, pears, and sometimes stone fruits like plums and cherries. The disease is caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, which is spread through rain, water, and insects. It is particularly prevalent in cool, moist weather conditions, which are ideal for the bacterium's growth and spread.

The symptoms of põlemissegu typically appear in the spring, as the disease infects the blossoms and young fruit. Infected blossoms wilt and turn brown, eventually falling off. On fruit, the disease causes a water-soaked appearance, followed by a dark, sunken lesion. As the disease progresses, the fruit may shrivel and drop prematurely. In severe cases, the entire tree can be defoliated and die.

Preventive measures include pruning infected branches, removing fallen fruit, and avoiding overhead irrigation. Chemical controls, such as copper-based fungicides, can be applied to protect blossoms and young fruit. However, the most effective strategy is to plant resistant varieties and maintain good tree health through proper care and nutrition.

Põlemissegu is a significant threat to fruit production, particularly in regions with suitable climatic conditions. Early detection and prompt intervention are crucial for managing the disease and minimizing losses. Research continues to develop more effective control methods and resistant cultivars to combat this persistent agricultural challenge.