Põhjavete

Põhjavete is the Estonian word for groundwater. It refers to all the water that is located beneath the Earth's surface in the soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. This water originates from precipitation that infiltrates the ground, as well as from surface water bodies like rivers and lakes that seep downwards.

Groundwater is a crucial resource for many ecosystems and human activities. It replenishes streams, rivers, and lakes, and is a primary source of drinking water for a significant portion of the world's population, including many in Estonia. It also plays a vital role in agriculture, industry, and maintaining the health of wetlands and forests.

The movement of groundwater is influenced by factors such as gravity, pressure gradients, and the permeability of the soil and rock layers. Water flows from areas of higher elevation or pressure to areas of lower elevation or pressure. This flow is often slow, and groundwater can be stored for long periods in underground formations called aquifers.

Groundwater quality can be affected by pollutants that enter the ground from the surface, such as agricultural chemicals, industrial waste, and sewage. Protecting groundwater resources from contamination is therefore essential for ensuring the availability of clean water for future generations. Monitoring and management of groundwater levels are also important to prevent over-extraction and ensure sustainable use.