Pájení

Pájení is a process used to join two or more metal items together by melting and putting a filler metal (solder) into the joint, the filler metal having a relatively low melting point. The filler metal is not melted over the joint itself, but rather is melted by the heat of the joint and then flows into the close-fitting gap between the joined parts by capillary action. Once the heat source is removed, the filler metal cools and solidifies, creating a strong electrical and mechanical bond.

The process requires careful control of temperature to ensure the solder melts and flows properly without damaging the base metals. Flux is typically used to clean the metal surfaces and prevent oxidation during the heating process, which improves the solder's ability to wet the surfaces. Common applications for pájení include electronics assembly, plumbing, and jewelry making. Solders are typically alloys of tin and lead, though lead-free alternatives are increasingly common due to environmental and health concerns. The choice of solder alloy and flux depends on the specific metals being joined and the required strength and conductivity of the joint. Different tools, such as soldering irons, torches, and ovens, can be used to apply the necessary heat.