Pyrrhocoroidea

Pyrrhocoroidea is a superfamily of insects in the order Hemiptera, commonly known as true bugs. This group primarily includes the families Pyrrhocoridae and Largidae. Pyrrhocorid bugs are often brightly colored, frequently red, orange, or yellow, with black markings. They are characterized by their somewhat elongated bodies and relatively large antennae. Largidae are generally more slender and less conspicuously colored, often brown or black, though some species can exhibit brighter hues.

These insects are typically phytophagous, feeding on plants. Pyrrhocoridae, in particular, are often associated with plants of the mallow family (Malvaceae) and the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), feeding on seeds, sap, or developing fruits. Some species are known to be gregarious, forming aggregations, especially when young. While many species are harmless to crops, a few can cause minor damage. Largidae are also plant feeders, with their specific host plants varying by species.

Reproduction in Pyrrhocoroidea involves incomplete metamorphosis, with eggs hatching into nymphs that resemble smaller versions of the adults. These nymphs molt several times before reaching adulthood. Some species exhibit parental care, with adults guarding eggs or young nymphs, although this is not universal. The superfamily is found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, with a few species extending into temperate zones. Their bright coloration often serves as aposematism, warning potential predators of unpalatability or toxicity.