Puhkeaminen

Puhkeaminen is a biological term used in Finnish biology to describe the transition from dormancy to active growth, particularly in plants, seeds, or spores. The term covers processes such as seed germination and the bursting or sprouting of buds, shoots, or other vegetative organs as they begin to develop.

In botany, puhkeaminen typically refers to the steps by which a dormant seed awakens and becomes metabolically active. The process often starts with imbibition, where a seed absorbs water, followed by metabolism reactivation, enzyme activity, and cell division that lead to the emergence of a radicle (the embryonic root) and, in many species, the shoot. Dormancy-breaking cues vary by species but commonly include suitable temperature, adequate moisture, sufficient oxygen, and appropriate light conditions. Some seeds require chilling (stratification) or scarification to overcome hard seed coats before germination can proceed.

Environmental and genetic factors determine the timing and success of puhkeaminen. Suboptimal moisture, temperature, or light can delay or prevent germination, while overly harsh conditions may damage tissue. In horticulture and agriculture, practitioners manipulate these cues to synchronize sprouting and improve establishment and yield. In natural ecosystems, the timing of puhkeaminen influences seedling survival, competition, and community dynamics, contributing to seasonal cycles of plant growth.

See also: germination, budburst, seed dormancy.