Pseudarthrosis

Pseudarthrosis is a medical term describing a false joint that forms when a bone fails to heal properly after a fracture or surgical intervention. Instead of solid bone bridging the gap, a space develops that allows for abnormal motion, similar to a joint. This condition can occur in any bone but is most commonly encountered in long bones of the extremities, such as the tibia, femur, or humerus.

The development of pseudarthrosis can be attributed to several factors. Inadequate immobilization of the fracture site is a primary cause, preventing the necessary stability for bone healing. Other contributing factors include compromised blood supply to the fracture area, infection, poor nutrition, certain medical conditions like diabetes or osteoporosis, and the use of certain medications that can interfere with bone healing. Smoking is also a significant risk factor.

Symptoms of pseudarthrosis can vary but often include persistent pain at the fracture site, instability or looseness in the affected limb, and a noticeable deformity or shortening of the bone. In some cases, the abnormal motion at the false joint may be palpable. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, X-rays, and sometimes advanced imaging techniques like CT scans or MRI to better visualize the non-healed area.

Treatment for pseudarthrosis aims to achieve solid bone union. This usually involves surgical intervention. Options include bone grafting, where healthy bone tissue is transplanted to the non-healed site to encourage new bone formation, and internal fixation, using plates, screws, or rods to stabilize the bone while it heals. The specific surgical approach depends on the location and severity of the pseudarthrosis.