Protoneuridae

Protoneuridae is a family of damselflies belonging to the order Odonata. These insects are characterized by their slender bodies and often brightly colored wings, although coloration can vary significantly between species and sexes. Protoneuridae are found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, with a particular abundance in the Afrotropical and Neotropical realms. They are typically associated with slow-moving or still freshwaters, such as streams, rivers, and ponds, where their larvae, known as nymphs, develop.

The nymphs of Protoneuridae are aquatic and possess gills at the end of their abdomen, which they use for respiration. They are predatory, feeding on other small aquatic invertebrates. Adult protoneurids are also predators, catching flying insects in mid-air or while perched. Their flight is generally less powerful and more erratic than that of dragonflies.

While many species within Protoneuridae are relatively small, some can reach moderate sizes. Distinguishing between different genera and species can be challenging and often requires examination of subtle morphological features, particularly in the wing venation and the structure of the male cerci. The conservation status of protoneurid species varies, with some facing threats due to habitat loss and degradation.