dragonflies

Dragonflies are large, predatory insects in the order Odonata, suborder Anisoptera. They are characterized by long bodies, two pairs of strong wings, and very large, often vividly colored eyes that meet or nearly meet on the top of the head. Unlike damselflies, dragonflies typically perch with their wings held open and flat.

Dragonflies undergo incomplete metamorphosis. Eggs are laid in or near water; aquatic naiads (naiads or nymphs) live underwater for months to years, preying on aquatic invertebrates. The final molt produces winged adults. Adults emerge from the water, are transient but often long-lived for an insect, and feed on flying insects, including mosquitoes and midges.

Dragonflies are found in almost all wetland habitats, including ponds, streams, and lakes, as well as tropical and temperate regions. They are powerful fliers, capable of rapid acceleration, hovering, and backward flight, and can maneuver with great precision to catch prey in mid-air.

Ecologically, dragonflies are important predators at both larval and adult stages and can serve as indicators of freshwater ecosystem health. There are roughly 3,000 to 3,500 described dragonfly species worldwide, about half the total number of Odonata species. They face threats from habitat loss, water pollution, and climate change, though many species remain widespread and secure.

Dragonflies have cultural associations in many regions and are often admired for their beauty and aerial ability.