Protetiikat

Protetiikat, in Finnish, is the plural form of protetiikka and refers to the field and devices used to replace missing body parts. In English, this is prosthetics. The term encompasses the design, fabrication, fitting, and maintenance of artificial limbs and other prosthetic devices for people who have undergone amputation, congenital limb deficiency, or significant tissue loss due to disease or injury. The aim is to restore functional capability, support rehabilitation, and improve cosmetic appearance where possible.

A modern prosthesis typically consists of a socket that fits over a residual limb, a pylon or shank, a foot or ankle unit, and a distal or terminal device such as a hand or hook. Systems may include suspension mechanisms (straps, suction, vacuum), liners, and control components. In upper limbs, prostheses range from cosmetic devices to body-powered and myoelectric (electrically controlled by muscle signals) devices, with increasingly advanced options using pattern recognition or nerve interfaces. In lower limbs, components include feet or ankles, pylons, and knee units, including microprocessor-controlled knees for enhanced stability and adaptability.

Control and fitting are performed by a prosthetist, who measures, designs, and fits the device, then calibrates alignment and provides rehabilitation training. Fitting typically involves socket fabrication, alignment adjustments, and trial wear, followed by ongoing care such as repairs, part replacements, and skin-health management.

History and developments: prosthetic devices date to ancient times, but modern practice advanced with improved socket technology, materials, and control methods in the 20th century. Contemporary trends include osseointegration, 3D printing for rapid, customized components, and research into sensory feedback and neural interfaces to improve control and embodiment. Accessibility, cost, and long-term maintenance remain important considerations in the field.