Proteesit

Proteesit refers to prostheses in Finnish; in English they are called prostheses. They are artificial devices that replace a missing body part and range from cosmetic shells to functional devices that restore movement, most often for limbs but also for eyes or teeth. The field that designs and maintains these devices is called prosthetics.

Common types include upper-limb prostheses (hand, elbow) and lower-limb prostheses (foot, knee). Functional prostheses may be body-powered with harness and cables or powered by electrical signals (myoelectric). Cosmetic prostheses emphasize appearance over function.

A limb prosthesis typically comprises a socket for the residual limb, a pylon or frame, and a terminal device such as a hand or foot. Materials include plastics and carbon fiber, with recent use of 3D printing for custom fits.

Historically, prostheses date to antiquity. Modern advances in the 20th century brought modular components, better sockets, and myoelectric control. Recent innovations include osseointegration, targeted muscle reinnervation, and microprocessor-controlled joints.

Fitting and rehabilitation involve a multidisciplinary team. The process includes assessment, casting or scanning, socket fabrication, alignment, and training. Ongoing maintenance and periodic replacement are common as the residual limb changes.

Access to prostheses varies by region and health care systems, with outcomes influenced by fit, control method, rehabilitation, and user adaptation. When accessible, prostheses can provide meaningful gains in function and quality of life.

See also: Prosthetics, Amputation, Orthotics.