Prosztatarákára

Prosztatarákára, commonly known as prostate cancer, is a type of cancer that forms in the prostate gland of men. The prostate is a small gland, part of the male reproductive system, located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.

The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several risk factors are known. Age is a significant factor, with the risk increasing substantially after age 50. Family history also plays a role; men with a father or brother who had prostate cancer are more likely to develop it. Certain genetic mutations and ethnic background, particularly African American men, are also associated with a higher risk. Lifestyle factors like obesity and a diet high in red meat and dairy have been suggested as potential contributors, although the evidence is not conclusive.

Prostate cancer often grows slowly and may not cause symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do occur, they can include difficulty urinating, a weak or interrupted urine stream, frequent urination (especially at night), blood in the urine or semen, pain in the back, hips, or pelvis, and painful ejaculation. These symptoms can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Diagnosis typically involves a digital rectal exam (DRE) and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. If these tests raise concerns, a biopsy of the prostate tissue may be performed to confirm the presence of cancer and determine its aggressiveness. Treatment options vary depending on the stage and grade of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. They can include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.