Prostatas

Prostatas is the plural form used in some languages for the prostate gland. In English, the singular is prostate and the plural is prostates, referring to the gland found in male mammals. The human prostate is a small, walnut-sized organ located inferior to the bladder and encasing the beginning of the urethra. It contributes to semen by producing prostatic fluid, which helps nourish and protect sperm and is alkaline to counter vaginal acidity.

Anatomy and zones: The prostate consists of glandular tissue embedded in fibromuscular stroma. It is classically divided into zones: the peripheral zone, which contains most prostatic cancers; the transition zone, commonly involved in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); and the central zone, with a smaller role in disease. Ducts from the prostate merge into the prostatic urethra, and the ejaculatory ducts pass through the gland.

Development and regulation: Prostate growth and function are driven largely by androgens, including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Hormonal influence begins at puberty and remains important throughout life, though aging can lead to size changes and functional shifts in some men.

Clinical significance: The prostate is susceptible to several conditions. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can cause urinary symptoms in older men. Prostatitis refers to inflammation or infection, with acute or chronic forms. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men worldwide; screening often involves digital rectal examination (DRE) and measurements of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in blood, followed by biopsy if indicated. Management ranges from observation to medications or procedures, depending on symptoms, disease type, and risk factors.

Notes: The term prostatas is primarily used in non-English contexts; in English, refer to the prostate glands or a single prostate.