Profilaxie

Profilaxie is a set of actions aimed at preventing disease, injury, or other health problems, or at preventing their progression or recurrence. The term derives from Greek pro- “before” and phylaxia “guarding.” In medicine and public health, profilaxie encompasses measures designed to reduce the incidence and impact of illness, ideally before cases arise.

Profilaxie is commonly described through the concepts of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Primary prophylaxis aims to prevent disease from occurring (for example vaccination, lifestyle modification, environmental controls, and chemoprophylaxis in certain high‑risk situations). Secondary prophylaxis involves early detection and measures to prevent progression (for example screening programs or prophylactic treatment after exposure). Tertiary prophylaxis seeks to reduce complications and disability in people with established disease (for instance stroke prevention with anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation or comprehensive disease management to prevent relapse).

Applications span many fields. Vaccinations are a central form of primary prophylaxis. Antimicrobial or antimalarial prophylaxis prevents infection in exposed or high‑risk individuals. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis aims to prevent surgical site infections. In dentistry, prophylaxis includes professional cleaning and preventive care to avoid caries and periodontal disease. Profilaxie also plays a role in occupational health, travel medicine, and outbreak control through targeted measures and public health infrastructure.

Risks and considerations include evaluating benefits against harms, potential for antibiotic resistance, adverse effects, and costs. Effective profilaxie relies on evidence‑based guidelines, patient adherence, and appropriate allocation of resources.