Pristiophoriformes

Pristiophoriformes is an order of cartilaginous fishes commonly known as sawsharks. This group comprises six extant species distributed across the world's oceans, primarily inhabiting temperate and tropical regions. Sawsharks are characterized by their elongated, saw-like snouts, which are lined with sharp, serrated teeth and used for slashing prey. Their bodies are typically slender, with a streamlined shape that aids in swift movement through the water.

The order includes two families: Pristiophoridae, which contains the true sawsharks, and Hemiscylliidae, though some classifications place certain species within Hemiscylliiformes. Sawsharks are generally small to medium-sized, rarely exceeding 2 meters in length. They possess five pairs of gill slits and lack pelvic fins, distinguishing them from other elasmobranchs. Their coloration varies, often featuring mottled patterns that provide camouflage against sandy or coral reef substrates.

Sawsharks are primarily nocturnal, feeding on a diet of small fishes, crustaceans, and occasionally cephalopods. They employ their saw-like rostrums to stun or cut prey, though they are not considered aggressive toward humans. Reproduction in sawsharks is oviparous, with females laying large, leathery eggs encased in spiral-shaped structures known as mermaid’s purses.

Conservation status varies among species, with some populations declining due to overfishing, habitat degradation, and bycatch in commercial fisheries. The IUCN Red List categorizes several sawshark species as vulnerable or near threatened, highlighting the need for targeted conservation efforts. Research on Pristiophoriformes remains limited, but ongoing studies aim to improve understanding of their biology, ecology, and conservation requirements.