Primogéniture

Primogéniture, also known as birthright, is a system of inheritance in which the eldest child of a parent inherits the whole estate. This system was historically prevalent in many European societies, particularly among the nobility, and it served to keep land and titles consolidated within a single family line.

There are variations of primogéniture, including male primogéniture, where only a son can inherit, and absolute primogéniture, where the eldest child, regardless of gender, inherits. In societies with male primogéniture, daughters would be excluded from inheritance even if they were older than their brothers.

The rationale behind primogéniture often included the desire to maintain the integrity and indivisibility of estates and titles, preventing them from being fragmented through division among multiple heirs. It was also seen as a way to ensure that the heir was mature enough to manage the inheritance, as the eldest child would typically be older.

The practice of primogéniture has significantly declined in modern times, with many countries adopting laws that promote more equitable distribution of property among heirs, such as equal inheritance for all children. However, remnants of primogéniture can still be found in some hereditary monarchies and in certain private inheritance customs. The concept of primogéniture has also influenced discussions on gender equality and the historical disadvantages faced by women in matters of inheritance and succession.