Primitivo

Primitivo is a red wine grape variety grown primarily in the Apulia (Puglia) region of southern Italy. It ripens early, which is reflected in its name, and is known for producing full-bodied wines with high alcohol, deep color, and bold fruit flavors such as black cherry, plum, and blackberry, often with spice and licorice notes, especially as it ages in oak.

Genetically, Primitivo is significant for its relationship to Zinfandel: DNA analyses show that Primitivo is the same variety as Zinfandel, and closely related to the Croatian grape Crljenak Kaštelanski (also known as Tribidrag). This connection has helped trace the grape’s broader migration from the Dalmatian coast to Italy and, later, to California.

In Italy, Primitivo is strongly associated with the Puglian landscape of the Salento peninsula. The best-known wines come from the Primitivo di Manduria area, with other important centers including Primitivo di Gioia del Colle. Viticulture emphasizes thick skins and ample sun exposure, producing concentrated musts; winemaking styles range from traditional to modern approaches aimed at balancing high sugar levels and potential alcohol while preserving fruit character.

Common food pairings include grilled or roasted red meats, game, and aged cheeses. Primitivo represents a distinctive expression of Apulia’s warm-climate terroir and remains a staple among bold Italian red wines.