Prezbiterianizmu

Prezbiterianizmu is a branch of Protestant Christianity characterized by its presbyterian system of church governance and its adherence to Calvinist theology. The term "presbyterian" derives from the Greek word presbyteros, meaning elder, reflecting the church's structure where governance is shared by elected elders.

Presbyterian churches trace their roots back to the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, particularly the work of John Calvin in Geneva and John Knox in Scotland. Key theological tenets include the sovereignty of God, the authority of Scripture, predestination, and the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper. Presbyterian theology often emphasizes God's grace and the salvation of believers through faith in Jesus Christ.

The presbyterian system of governance is hierarchical, involving local church sessions (composed of ruling elders and the minister), presbyteries (regional bodies of ministers and elders), synods (larger regional groupings), and general assemblies (the highest national or international legislative body). This structure allows for a connectional church, where decisions and appeals can be made through successive levels of church courts.

While variations exist among different Presbyterian denominations worldwide, the core principles of presbyterian polity and Calvinist theology remain central. These denominations are often involved in social justice, education, and missionary work. The Presbyterian Church (USA), the Church of Scotland, and the Presbyterian Church in Canada are some of the larger Presbyterian bodies.