Prenataal

Prenataal, or prenatal, refers to the period before birth, especially relating to pregnancy and the development of the fetus. The term is used in both medical and everyday language; antenatal is a synonym in some regions.

Prenatal development covers the stages from conception through birth, with major milestones such as organ formation in the first trimester and rapid growth in the second and third trimesters. Gestational age is used to describe the fetus's development, typically counted from the first day of the last menstrual period.

Prenatal care involves regular medical checkups, nutrition, and lifestyle guidance to support fetal development and maternal health. Key recommendations often include adequate folic acid intake, avoidance of tobacco, alcohol, and certain medications, and vaccination against preventable diseases when appropriate.

Prenatal testing and screening may include ultrasound scans, maternal blood tests, and genetic screening such as noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) or invasive procedures like amniocentesis in specific circumstances. These tests help assess fetal growth, anatomy, and risk of chromosomal conditions or birth defects.

Outcomes are influenced by maternal health, prenatal care, and genetics. Potential prenatal complications include fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia, which are managed by healthcare providers through monitoring and treatment.