Praktika

Praktika are periods of practical work experience offered by employers to students, graduates, or job seekers to gain hands-on insight into a field and to apply theoretical knowledge. They are common in universities, vocational training, and school programs and can take place in companies, public institutions, non-governmental organizations, media, research centers, hospitals, and public administrations.

There are two main forms: Pflichtpraktikum (mandatory internship) required by a study program or vocational training, and Freiwilliges Praktikum (voluntary internship) pursued for career exploration or skill development. Some fields also use Orientierungspraktika to help participants decide on a specialization.

Typical objectives include applying academic knowledge, developing practical skills, building professional networks, and improving job prospects. A Praktikum is usually structured with a defined duration, often from a few weeks to several months, and with supervised tasks and learning goals. An internship agreement or contract and an internship certificate or report are common.

Remuneration varies by country, sector, and whether the internship is mandatory or voluntary. Some Praktika are paid (Vergütung), while others are unpaid or subsidized. In many programs, the experience is recognized through academic credit, a certificate, or a transcript.

Access and outcomes: For students, internships can count toward degree requirements or provide evidence of practical experience in CVs and applications. International programs and exchange opportunities also provide Praktika abroad, broadening cross-cultural work exposure.