Powlekanie
Powlekanie is a general term for the application of a coating onto a surface to alter its properties. In industrial and technical contexts, powlekanie covers a wide range of processes that deposit or apply thin layers of material on a substrate, for purposes such as corrosion protection, wear resistance, thermal or electrical insulation, aesthetics, or surface finish. The term encompasses electrochemical methods (electroplating and electroless plating), physical deposition (vacuum deposition like PVD and CVD, sputtering; thermal spraying), and organic coatings such as paints and powder coatings. The choice of method depends on the substrate, required coating thickness, environmental exposure, and cost.
Common coating chemistries include metals (nickel, chromium, zinc and alloys), ceramics, polymers, and composite coatings. Substrate
Applications span automotive and aerospace parts, fasteners, tools, electronics, architectural elements, and pipeline components. Modern powlekanie
History: surface coating practices date back to ancient gilding and painting; industrial-scale electroplating and modern coating
See also: painting, electroplating, powder coating, anodizing, PVD, CVD, thermal spraying.