Positsioonvertiigo

Positsioonvertiigo, also known as positional vertigo, is a type of vertigo characterized by a spinning sensation triggered by specific head movements or positions. It is most commonly associated with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), a condition where small calcium particles (canaliths) dislodge within the inner ear’s balance system, specifically the semicircular canals. These particles disrupt the normal flow of fluid, sending confusing signals to the brain about body position and movement.

Symptoms of positsioonvertiigo typically include sudden episodes of dizziness or spinning, often lasting a few seconds to minutes. Nausea, imbalance, and a sensation of floating may also occur. Attacks are usually provoked by changes in head position, such as rolling over in bed, looking up, or bending down. Unlike other forms of vertigo, positsioonvertiigo does not typically cause hearing loss or persistent tinnitus (ringing in the ears).

Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, including specific head movements to reproduce symptoms. The Epley maneuver or other repositioning techniques may be used to confirm the presence of canaliths. Imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans, are generally unnecessary unless other conditions are suspected.

Treatment for positsioonvertiigo focuses on repositioning the displaced particles to restore normal ear function. Physical therapy techniques, such as the Epley maneuver or Semont maneuver, are commonly employed. In some cases, vestibular rehabilitation exercises may help improve balance over time. Symptoms often resolve within weeks to months, though recurrences can occur. Medications are not typically effective for BPPV but may be used to manage associated nausea. Most individuals experience significant improvement with proper treatment.