Polyakryylinitriilin

Polyakryylinitriili, often abbreviated as PAN, is a synthetic organic polymer that serves as a precursor to a variety of products. It is produced through the polymerization of acrylonitrile monomers. The chemical formula for polyacrylonitrile is (C3H3N)n.

PAN is characterized by its high nitrogen content, which is a key feature exploited in its applications. It is an amorphous thermoplastic that is generally insoluble in common organic solvents. However, it can be dissolved in polar aprotic solvents like dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).

The primary and most significant application of polyacrylonitrile is as a precursor for carbon fiber production. When heated to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen (a process called carbonization), PAN fibers transform into carbon fibers. These carbon fibers are exceptionally strong, stiff, and lightweight, making them ideal for use in aerospace, automotive industries, sporting goods, and other high-performance applications.

Beyond carbon fiber, PAN is also used in the production of acrylic fibers, which are a type of synthetic fiber often used in textiles for clothing, carpets, and upholstery due to their wool-like feel and resistance to shrinkage and wrinkles. It can also be found in membranes for filtration and as a component in certain adhesives and coatings. The properties of PAN can be modified by copolymerization with other monomers, expanding its range of potential uses.