Podvrtnutí

Podvrtnutí, commonly known as a sprain, is an injury to a ligament. Ligaments are strong bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to each other and help stabilize joints. A sprain occurs when a ligament is stretched or torn, usually due to a sudden twist, fall, or blow that forces a joint out of its normal position.

The most common sites for sprains are the ankle, wrist, and knee. Symptoms can vary in severity depending on the extent of the ligament damage. They typically include pain, swelling, bruising, and limited ability to move the affected joint. In more severe cases, a popping sensation may be felt at the time of injury, and the joint may feel unstable.

Diagnosis is usually made based on a physical examination and the patient's medical history. Imaging tests such as X-rays may be used to rule out fractures, while MRI scans can provide a clearer view of ligament damage.

Treatment for sprains generally follows the RICE protocol: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Rest helps prevent further injury, ice reduces swelling and pain, compression limits swelling, and elevation minimizes fluid accumulation. Pain relievers like ibuprofen or naproxen can also help manage discomfort. More severe sprains may require immobilization with a brace or cast, physical therapy to regain strength and flexibility, and in rare cases, surgery to repair torn ligaments. Recovery time depends on the severity of the sprain, ranging from a few weeks for mild sprains to several months for severe ones.